Ball valves are one of the most widely used valve types in industrial and commercial piping systems. Their popularity comes from their simple operation, tight sealing performance, and versatility in handling different fluids, pressures, and temperatures. In this guide, we will explore the types of ball valves, how they work, and where they are applied, so you can make an informed decision when selecting the right valve for your system.
A ball valve is a shut-off device that uses a spherical ball with a bore (hole) to control fluid flow. When the ball is rotated 90 degrees, the bore either aligns with the pipeline to allow full flow or blocks it completely for shut-off. This quarter-turn mechanism makes ball valves easy to operate, durable, and highly reliable.
· Floating Ball Valve
The ball is held in place by two seats, and under pressure, it “floats” slightly downstream to provide tight sealing. Common in medium pressure systems.
· Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve
The ball is supported by trunnions (shaft-like extensions) at the top and bottom. This design reduces torque requirements and is ideal for high-pressure and large-diameter pipelines.
· One-Piece Ball Valve
Compact and economical. The body is a single piece, making it lighter but harder to repair.
· Two-Piece Ball Valve
Consists of two parts bolted together. Easier to maintain than one-piece designs.
· Three-Piece Ball Valve
The body is divided into three sections, allowing easy removal of the ball and seats without disturbing the pipeline. Preferred in industries requiring frequent cleaning or servicing.
· Full Port Ball Valve
The bore diameter is equal to the pipe size, resulting in minimal pressure drop. Ideal for processes where flow efficiency is critical.
· Reduced Port Ball Valve
The bore is smaller than the pipeline, causing some pressure drop but reducing cost and weight. Common in utility applications.
· Soft-Seated Ball Valves
Seats are made from PTFE or other elastomers, offering bubble-tight sealing. Suitable for general-purpose, low to medium temperature applications.
· Metal-Seated Ball Valves
Designed with metal-to-metal contact for high-temperature, abrasive, or corrosive environments.
· V-Port Ball Valve
The ball has a V-shaped cut, enabling precise flow control and throttling. Widely used in process control industries.
· Multi-Port Ball Valve (3-Way, 4-Way)
Allows mixing, diverting, or distributing flows. Often used in chemical processing, water treatment, and HVAC systems.
· Cryogenic Ball Valve
Engineered for extremely low temperatures, typically in LNG and liquid nitrogen applications.
· Quick quarter-turn operation
· Tight shut-off capability
· Low maintenance requirements
· Suitable for a wide range of pressures and temperatures
· Available in multiple configurations for specialized applications
The types of ball valves are chosen based on system requirements:
· Oil & Gas Industry → Trunnion mounted ball valves for high-pressure pipelines
· Chemical Processing → V-port or metal-seated ball valves for precision and durability
· Food & Beverage → Three-piece ball valves for easy cleaning
· HVAC Systems → Multi-port ball valves for flow distribution
· Cryogenic Services → Special cryogenic designs for LNG handling
Understanding the different types of ball valves is essential for selecting the right solution for your application. From floating to trunnion mounted, from one-piece to multi-port, each type offers unique advantages. By considering factors like pressure rating, temperature, flow characteristics, and maintenance needs, you can choose a ball valve that ensures safety, efficiency, and long-term reliability.
No matter what type of ball valve you need, we are committed to helping you find the most suitable and customized product for your project. Explore our high-quality ball valve solutions designed to meet diverse industrial requirements and deliver reliable performance.
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